Introduction
Shoulder pain when throwing is a common complaint among athletes who participate in throwing sports, such as baseball, softball, tennis, and volleyball. A study found that shoulder injuries were documented in 30% of athletes during their athletic careers, highlighting the prevalence and significant impact of these issues in such sports. Understanding the causes of shoulder pain is important for athletes to prevent and manage these conditions effectively.
In this article, we will explore the anatomical structures of the shoulder, common causes of pain in shoulder, treatment options, and prevention strategies.
Anatomy of the Shoulder and Throwing Motion
The shoulder is a complex joint composed of several bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. The humerus, or upper arm bone, connects to the scapula, or shoulder blade, forming a ball-and-socket joint. The rotator cuff, a group of four muscles and their tendons, stabilizes the shoulder joint and allows for a wide range of motion.
The throwing motion involves a coordinated sequence of movements that place immense stress on the shoulder. The arm is brought backward (cocking phase), followed by a rapid forward movement (acceleration phase) and release of the ball (deceleration phase). During this process, the shoulder joint undergoes significant forces, which can lead to injury if not properly managed.
Causes of Shoulder Pain When Throwing
Athletes often ask themselves, “Why does my shoulder hurt when I throw a ball?” Shoulder pain can significantly impact an athlete’s performance and enjoyment of the sport. Several factors can contribute to shoulder pain in throwing athletes, including:
Poor Throwing Mechanics
Improper technique when throwing can place excessive strain on the shoulder joint, leading to pain and sports injury.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms may include a dull ache in the shoulder, reduced throwing velocity, and difficulty maintaining proper throwing form.
Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination and assessment of the athlete’s throwing technique, often accompanied by imaging studies to identify any underlying structural damage.
Bicep Tendonitis
This condition involves inflammation of the biceps tendon, which attaches the biceps muscle to the shoulder.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Athletes with bicep tendonitis may experience a deep, throbbing pain in the front of the shoulder, particularly during or after throwing. Swelling and tenderness over the biceps tendon are common symptoms.
Diagnosis involves a physical examination, focusing on the tenderness and range of motion, and may include ultrasound or MRI to confirm inflammation.
Slap Tears
A SLAP (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior) tear is a damage to the labrum, a cartilage ring that surrounds the shoulder socket.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
SLAP tears can cause a catching or locking sensation, pain with overhead motion, and a decrease in shoulder strength. Athletes may also experience a feeling of instability.
Diagnosis of SLAP injury often includes a combination of physical exam and imaging studies like MRI arthrograms to detect labral tears.
Rotator Cuff Injuries
The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder. Repetitive throwing or overuse can lead to inflammation or tears in these tissues.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Rotator cuff injuries can range from inflammation (tendinitis) to partial or complete rotator cuff tears. Symptoms include shoulder pain when throwing overhand, weakness, and difficulty lifting the arm.
Diagnosis involves physical tests to assess range of motion and strength, along with imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound to identify the extent of this common shoulder injury.
Shoulder Impingement Syndrome
This condition, also known as posterior shoulder pain, occurs when the rotator cuff tendons become irritated or compressed by the shoulder blade.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Athletes with symptoms of shoulder impingement may experience sharp pain during overhead activities, a decrease in shoulder range of motion, and a feeling of weakness.
Diagnosis involves a physical examination to identify pain points and imaging studies to visualize any narrowing of the space within the shoulder where the tendons pass.
Instability
Shoulder instability refers to a loose or unstable shoulder joint.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Athletes with shoulder instability may feel the shoulder slipping out of place during throwing, accompanied by pain during activity and a loss of strength.
Diagnosis includes a detailed physical examination focusing on shoulder stability, and an imaging test may be required to assess any damage to the supporting structures.
How to Treat Shoulder Pain When Throwing
Treatment for shoulder pain depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.
Non-Surgical Treatments
- RICE Method: The RICE method (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) is a first-line treatment for shoulder pain. Resting the shoulder, applying an ice pack to reduce inflammation, using compression wraps, and elevating the shoulder can help relieve pain.
- Pain Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers can help manage pain and inflammation.
- Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can develop a customized treatment plan and exercises to strengthen the shoulder muscles. Exercise therapy has been considered as a principal treatment for shoulder pain. Additionally, they may use techniques such as soft tissue mobilization to help reduce pain and improve shoulder movement.
- Cortisone Injection: Injections of corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation in severe cases.
Surgical Treatments
When nonoperative treatments fail to relieve symptoms, surgery may be necessary. Common surgical options include arthroscopic procedures to repair torn tendons or labrum and, in severe cases, shoulder reconstruction.
Rehabilitation and Return to Sport
After treatment, a rehabilitation program is essential to restore strength, flexibility, and range of motion. Gradually increasing throwing activities under the guidance of a healthcare professional is important for a safe return to sport.
Prevention Strategy
Preventing shoulder pain when throwing a ball is important for athletes. The following strategies can help reduce the risk of injury:
Don’t forget to warm up
A proper warm-up increases blood flow to the muscles and prepares overhead athletes’ shoulders for intense activity. Dynamic stretches and light-throwing exercises are effective ways to warm up.
Proper Conditioning
Strengthening the shoulder muscles, particularly the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers, is essential for maintaining shoulder health. Regular conditioning exercises should be incorporated into training routines.
Proper Technique
Learning and maintaining proper throwing techniques can significantly reduce the risk of shoulder injuries. Working with a coach to refine technique is beneficial for athletes at all levels.
Rest and Recovery
Proper rest and recovery time between throwing sessions are crucial to allow the shoulder to heal and prevent overuse injuries. Listening to the body and avoiding repetitive motion or excessive throwing can help maintain shoulder health.
Conclusion
Shoulder pain when throwing can be a frustrating and debilitating condition for throwing athletes. Understanding the causes of shoulder pain, seeking appropriate physical therapy treatment, and implementing prevention strategies are important for maintaining shoulder health and optimizing athletic performance.
Experiencing pain in the shoulder when throwing can affect athletic performance. Physical therapy in Roseburg, Oregon can help you regain full shoulder mobility, strengthen the surrounding muscles, and improve your throwing mechanics. Consider Ormobility Physical Therapy to start your journey to better shoulder health!
FAQ’s
Why does my shoulder hurt when I throw?
Shoulder pain when throwing is often caused by overuse of the rotator cuff muscles, poor mechanics, or underlying conditions such as rotator cuff injuries or impingement syndrome.
How to fix shoulder pain?
Treatment for shoulder pain depends on the underlying cause. Options include rest, ice, physical therapy, medications, and, in some cases, surgery.
Will my shoulder heal on its own?
Mild cases of injured shoulder may improve with rest and self-care. However, more severe injuries may require help from a healthcare provider to heal properly.